ex00: it works!

.gitignore

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+*.o
+*.d
+.cache
+compile_commands.json

ex00/.gitignore

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+ex00

ex00/Animal.cpp

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+#include "Animal.hpp"
+#include <iostream>
+
+Animal::Animal() { std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl; }
+
+Animal::Animal(const Animal &other) {
+  std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl;
+  type = other.type;
+}
+
+Animal::~Animal() { std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl; }
+
+Animal &Animal::operator=(const Animal &other) {
+  std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl;
+  this->type = other.type;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+std::string Animal::getType() const { return type; }
+
+void Animal::makeSound() const {
+  if (type == "Cat") {
+    std::cout << "[Meow]" << std::endl;
+  } else if (type == "Dog") {
+    std::cout << "[Bark]" << std::endl;
+  } else {
+    std::cout << "[Generic Animal Sound]" << std::endl;
+  }
+}

ex00/Animal.hpp

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+#ifndef ANIMAL_HPP
+#define ANIMAL_HPP
+
+#include <string>
+
+class Animal {
+public:
+  Animal();
+  Animal(const Animal &other);
+  ~Animal();
+  Animal &operator=(const Animal &other);
+
+  std::string getType() const;
+  void makeSound() const;
+
+protected:
+  std::string type;
+};
+
+#endif

ex00/Cat.cpp

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+#include "Cat.hpp"
+#include <iostream>
+
+Cat::Cat() {
+  std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl;
+  type = "Cat";
+}
+
+Cat::Cat(const Cat &other) {
+  std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl;
+  this->type = other.type;
+}
+
+Cat::~Cat() { std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl; }
+
+Cat &Cat::operator=(const Cat &other) {
+  std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl;
+  this->type = other.type;
+  return *this;
+}

ex00/Cat.hpp

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+#ifndef CAT_HPP
+#define CAT_HPP
+
+#include "Animal.hpp"
+
+class Cat : public Animal {
+public:
+  Cat();
+  Cat(const Cat &other);
+  ~Cat();
+  Cat &operator=(const Cat &other);
+};
+
+#endif

ex00/Dog.cpp

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+#include "Dog.hpp"
+#include <iostream>
+
+Dog::Dog() {
+  std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl;
+  type = "Dog";
+}
+
+Dog::Dog(const Dog &other) {
+  std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl;
+  this->type = other.type;
+}
+
+Dog::~Dog() { std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl; }
+
+Dog &Dog::operator=(const Dog &other) {
+  std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl;
+  this->type = other.type;
+  return *this;
+}

ex00/Dog.hpp

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+#ifndef DOG_HPP
+#define DOG_HPP
+
+#include "Animal.hpp"
+
+class Dog : public Animal {
+public:
+  Dog();
+  Dog(const Dog &other);
+  ~Dog();
+  Dog &operator=(const Dog &other);
+};
+
+#endif

ex00/Makefile

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+NAME = ex00
+ifeq ($(CPPFLAGS),)
+	CPPFLAGS = -Wall -Wextra -Werror -std=c++98 -ggdb -fsanitize=address,undefined
+endif
+ifeq ($(CXX),)
+	CXX = c++
+endif
+# g++ is the default on 42 computers
+ifeq ($(CXX),g++)
+	CXX = c++
+endif
+srcs = \
+	Animal.cpp \
+	Cat.cpp \
+	Dog.cpp \
+	WrongAnimal.cpp \
+	WrongDog.cpp \
+	WrongCat.cpp \
+
+main_objs = main.o $(srcs:.cpp=.o)
+all_objs = $(main_objs)
+deps = $(all_objs:.o=.d)
+
+.PHONY: all clean fclean re run
+
+all: $(NAME)
+
+-include $(deps)
+
+$(NAME): $(main_objs)
+	$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) -o $@ $^
+
+%.o: %.cpp
+	$(CXX) -c $(CPPFLAGS) -o $*.o $*.cpp
+	$(CXX) -MM $(CPPFLAGS) -MT $*.o $*.cpp > $*.d
+
+clean:
+	find . -name '*.o' -print -delete
+	find . -name '*.d' -print -delete
+
+fclean: clean
+	rm -f $(NAME)
+
+re:
+	+make fclean
+	+make all
+
+run: $(NAME)
+	./$(NAME)

ex00/WrongAnimal.cpp

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+#include "WrongAnimal.hpp"
+#include <iostream>
+
+WrongAnimal::WrongAnimal() { std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl; }
+
+WrongAnimal::WrongAnimal(const WrongAnimal &other) {
+  std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl;
+  type = other.type;
+}
+
+WrongAnimal::~WrongAnimal() { std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl; }
+
+WrongAnimal &WrongAnimal::operator=(const WrongAnimal &other) {
+  std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl;
+  this->type = other.type;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+std::string WrongAnimal::getType() const { return type; }
+
+void WrongAnimal::makeSound() const {
+  if (type == "WrongCat") {
+    std::cout << "[Eldritch Meow]" << std::endl;
+  } else if (type == "WrongDog") {
+    std::cout << "[Eldritch Bark]" << std::endl;
+  } else {
+    std::cout << "[Eldritch WrongAnimal Sound]" << std::endl;
+  }
+}

ex00/WrongAnimal.hpp

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+#ifndef WRONG_ANIMAL_HPP
+#define WRONG_ANIMAL_HPP
+
+#include <string>
+
+class WrongAnimal {
+public:
+  WrongAnimal();
+  WrongAnimal(const WrongAnimal &other);
+  ~WrongAnimal();
+  WrongAnimal &operator=(const WrongAnimal &other);
+
+  std::string getType() const;
+  void makeSound() const;
+
+protected:
+  std::string type;
+};
+
+#endif

ex00/WrongCat.cpp

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+#include "WrongCat.hpp"
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+WrongCat::WrongCat() {
+  std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl;
+  type = "WrongCat";
+}

ex00/WrongCat.hpp

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+#ifndef WRONG_CAT_HPP
+#define WRONG_CAT_HPP
+
+#include "WrongAnimal.hpp"
+
+class WrongCat : public WrongAnimal {
+public:
+  WrongCat();
+  WrongCat(const WrongCat &other);
+  ~WrongCat();
+  WrongCat &operator=(const WrongCat &other);
+};
+
+#endif

ex00/WrongDog.cpp

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+#include "WrongDog.hpp"
+#include <iostream>
+
+WrongDog::WrongDog() {
+  std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl;
+  type = "WrongDog";
+}

ex00/WrongDog.hpp

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+#ifndef WRONG_DOG_HPP
+#define WRONG_DOG_HPP
+
+#include "WrongAnimal.hpp"
+
+class WrongDog : public WrongAnimal {
+public:
+  WrongDog();
+  WrongDog(const WrongDog &other);
+  ~WrongDog();
+  WrongDog &operator=(const WrongDog &other);
+};
+
+#endif

ex00/main.cpp

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+#include "Animal.hpp"
+#include "Cat.hpp"
+#include "Dog.hpp"
+#include "WrongAnimal.hpp"
+#include "WrongCat.hpp"
+#include "WrongDog.hpp"
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main() {
+  {
+    Animal animal1 = Animal();
+    Animal animal2 = animal1;
+    Animal animal3;
+    animal3 = animal1;
+  }
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+  {
+    const Animal *meta = new Animal();
+    const Animal *j = new Dog();
+    const Animal *i = new Cat();
+
+    std::cout << j->getType() << " " << std::endl;
+    std::cout << i->getType() << " " << std::endl;
+    i->makeSound();
+    j->makeSound();
+    meta->makeSound();
+
+    delete meta;
+    delete j;
+    delete i;
+  }
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+  {
+    const WrongAnimal *meta = new WrongAnimal();
+    const WrongAnimal *j = new WrongDog();
+    const WrongAnimal *i = new WrongCat();
+
+    std::cout << j->getType() << " " << std::endl;
+    std::cout << i->getType() << " " << std::endl;
+    i->makeSound();
+    j->makeSound();
+    meta->makeSound();
+
+    delete meta;
+    delete j;
+    delete i;
+  }
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+  {
+    const Dog *dog = new Dog();
+    dog->makeSound();
+    delete dog;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}